![]() Re-pipe back into the top of the header and the water hammer will go away.Īs you see, they went through a variety of steam traps, piping, flex hoses, tried to resolve the water hammer. As you can hear, the “ping, ping,” and the movement into the pipe because it’s connected into the side of the header right here. Now as showing here on the right-hand side, this is causing water hammer. So, in condensate systems, the connection always must be to the top, never the side or the bottom, and that will resolve the thermal shock or water hammer. Even if the condensate line is totally filled with condensate, the flash will dissipate the top of the water, the condensate, without any noise effect. When the bubble comes in here below the condensate level in a condensate line, the bubble will collapse, and you’ll hear “ping, ping, ping, ping.” Now, if there’s a higher flower of condensate, the bubble will be much larger, and you’ll hear “bang, bang, bang.” So, the thing is that to resolve thermal shock or water hammer, always connect to the top of the condensate header, as showing right here. The flash steam will be in bubbles, as it carries along up to the condensate line, pressure is reduced, the bubble will increase in size. How does a condensate get its temperature down to the lower pressure, a percentage is released into flash steam? We’re going to pass this through a pressure reduction going through a steam trap to our lower pressure which is in the condensate system, P4. The condensate will be at 338 degrees at P3. So, the condensate would be here coming down to the steam trap. So, the thing is, is the in process P1, right here, we might be supplying 150 psi steam, which is 366 degrees to the process here at P2, which we could reduce the pressure to 100 psi or 338 degrees. An example would be what’s showing here on the right-hand side. In a bi-phase condensate system, steam bubbles may be introduced below the level of condensate in the condensate line, or a tank, or condensate tank. The major source of water hammer is thermal shock, steam collapses, water is accelerated into the resulting vacuum from all directions with great speed. Like condensate pumps on, off, or condensates or liquid valves turned on too fast. Hydraulic shock, a small percentage of water hammer, not too significant, will be hydraulic shock. We can put water hammer into five major areas, hydraulic shock, thermal shock, flow shock, differential shock, and flooded shock. Other issues such as choice of material, keeping the suction inlet free from sudden blockages and using the emergency stop only in case of emergencies can also help to prevent water hammer damage in your pump system.Continuing with water hammer in the steam and condensate system segment two, types of water hammer. Fit slow closing valves in the pipe system.Place a water hammer arrestor in the pipe creating an air cushion which serves as a buffer.Install a pressure relief valve in the discharge line which can open when a predefined pressure is reached.For diesel driven and frequency controlled pumpsets always accelerate and decelerate the pump speed slowly and smoothly.The following points will help prevent this problem: ![]() ![]() It is the responsibility of the pump operators to prevent water hammer in the pipe system and there are a number of ways this can be achieved. How can you prevent water hammer in your pump system? In addition to damaged fittings in the pipe, a broken pump shaft is at the very top of the list of water hammer problems. We routinely see damaged pumps due to the effect of water hammer. In a pipe system, the liquid is transported through the pump. The pressure increase in the pipe can reach up to 100 times the fluid velocity. Water hammer in the pipe contains a lot of energy and the resulting knocking sound can be clearly heard. This pressure moves like a shock wave along the pipe and reaches its maximum force at the valve. When a valve is closed suddenly at the end of a long length of piping, the liquid velocity is converted into pressure. Changes in the liquid velocity can be caused by the pump being stopped suddenly or when valves are quickly closed. This results in pressure changes which can lead to damage to the pump or the piping system. Water hammer is a pressure wave that occurs when liquid flows through a pipe and there is a sudden change in the liquid velocity.
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